Estudio de las heridas por amoladora tratadas en el Hospital de Clínicas y Hospital Pasteur, Montevideo, Uruguay / Grinder injuries treated at the Clínicas and Pasteur Hospital of Montevideo, Uruguay / Estudo das lesões por esmerilhadeira tratadas no Hospital de Clínicas e Hospital Pasteur, Montevidéu, Uruguai

Resumen: Introducción: las heridas causadas por amoladora representan una consulta frecuente al cirujano plástico en nuestro país. Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron conocer la epidemiología de los pacientes que consultaban con estas lesiones, conocer las circunstancias del accidente y estudiar si existía relación entre las condiciones de uso de la herramienta y la gravedad de las lesiones. Material y método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal, donde se recabaron los datos de los pacientes que consultaban por heridas por amoladora en las puertas de emergencia de Hospital Pasteur y Hospital de Clínicas en un período de 6 meses. Resultados: un total de 76 pacientes fueron incluidos en el estudio, la mayoría de sexo masculino, en edad laboral activa (39 a 58 años) dedicados a la realización de trabajos temporales o tareas de construcción, con bajo nivel de instrucción. El 84% de las heridas fueron graves. El 61% de los pacientes no utilizó los elementos de seguridad de la herramienta al momento del accidente. La mayoría de las lesiones se produjeron fuera del ambiente laboral. Conclusiones: en base a nuestro trabajo pudimos establecer el perfil epidemiológico de la población más susceptible de sufrir estas lesiones. Comprobamos que las heridas producidas por amoladora son en su mayoría graves y requieren procedimientos complejos para su resolución.

Summary: Introduction: grinder injuries represent a large number of consultations for plastic surgeons in our country. This study aims to learn about the epidemiological characteristics of patients who consulted for these lesions and the circumstances of the accidents, and to analyze whether there is a relationship between the conditions for tool use and the severity of lesions. Methodology: we conducted a retrospective, descriptive, transversal study where we collected data from the patients who consulted for grinder injuries at the emergency departments of Pasteur and Clínicas Hospital during a 6-month period. Results: seventy-six patients were included in the study, most of which were male working adults (between 39 and 58 years-old) who had temporary jobs or were performing construction works and had low levels of education. 84% of lesions were severe. 61% of patients did not respect safety regulations at the time of the accident. Most lesions occurred out of working hours. Conclusions: based on our study, we could identify the epidemiological profile of the most vulnerable population for this kind of lesions. We proved that most grinder lesions are severe and their management requires complex procedures.

Resumo: Introdução: as lesões causadas por esmerilhadeira são causa frequente de consulta ao cirurgião plástico no Uruguai. Os objetivos do presente trabalho foram conhecer as características dos pacientes que consultaram com essas lesões, conhecer as circunstâncias do acidente e analisar a possível relação entre as condições de uso da ferramenta e a gravidade das lesões. Metodologia: foi realizado um estudo descritivo, transversal, onde foram coletados dados de pacientes que consultaram por lesões de esmerilhadeira no pronto-socorro do Hospital Pasteur e Hospital de Clínicas durante um período de 6 meses. Resultados: foram incluídos no estudo 76 pacientes, a maioria do sexo masculino, em idade ativa para trabalhar (39 a 58 anos) dedicados à realização de trabalhos temporários ou trabalhos na construção civil, com baixo nível de escolaridade. 84% dos ferimentos foram graves. 61% dos pacientes não utilizaram os elementos de segurança da ferramenta no momento do acidente. A maioria das lesões ocorreu fora do ambiente de trabalho. Conclusões: com base em nosso trabalho conseguimos estabelecer o perfil da população mais suscetível a esses agravos. Constatamos que a maioria das lesões causadas por esmerilhadeiras são graves, exigindo procedimentos complexos para sua resolução.

Paediatric exploratory ingestion presentations to Christchurch Hospital emergency department during 2019.

AIM: To quantify and describe presentations to a New Zealand tertiary hospital emergency department (ED) associated with paediatric exploratory ingestions (PEIs) during 2019 in comparison to 1999. METHODS: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted of PEI presentations by children under 7 years of age to Christchurch Hospital ED between 1 January and 31 December 2019. Data were studied for demographic and management details and compared to data from 1999. RESULTS: There were 111 PEI presentations in children under 7 years during 2019, out of 9,445 presentations for this age group (1.2%). The estimated incidence of PEIs was 223.8 per 100,000. PEI presentations relative to total paediatric presentations had reduced compared to 1999 (X2=94.7, p<0.001). Two year olds were most likely to have PEIs (odds ratio (OR)=15.01, 95% confidence interval (CI)=6.78, 33.22). Children of Asian (OR=0.50, 95% CI=0.26, 0.95) and Pacific (OR=0.34, 95% CI=0.12, 0.93) ethnicity were less likely to present with PEIs. Paracetamol was the most commonly ingested substance (15.3%), followed by opioids (11.7%). CONCLUSION: Paediatric presentations due to exploratory ingestions reduced between 1999 and 2019. However, there was a concerning increase in ingestions of medications like opioids that have a significant risk of toxicity at low doses.

Home modifications to prevent home fall injuries in houses with Maori occupants (MHIPI): a randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: As with many Indigenous populations internationally, Maori in New Zealand suffer health inequity. We aimed to assess the rate of fall injuries at home with and without home modifications in houses with Maori occupants. METHODS: We did a single-blind randomised controlled trial in the Wellington and Taranaki regions of New Zealand and enrolled owner-occupied households with at least one Maori occupant. Only households who stated they intended to live at that address for the subsequent 3 years were eligible for participation. We randomly assigned (1:1) households to either the intervention group, who received home modifications (handrails for outside steps and internal stairs, grab rails for bathrooms, outside lighting, repairs to window catches, high-visibility and slip-resistant edging for outside steps, fixing of lifted edges of carpets and mats, non-slip bath mats, and slip-resistant surfacing for outside areas such as decks) immediately, or the control group, who received the modifications 3 years later. Data on home injuries were obtained from the Accident Compensation Corporation and coded by study team members, who were masked to study group allocation. The primary outcome was the rate of medically treated fall injuries at home per household per year, analysed according to intention to treat. This Maori Home Injury Prevention Intervention (MHIPI) trial is now completed, and is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12613000148774. FINDINGS: Between Sept 3, 2013, and Oct 1, 2014, 824 households were assessed for eligibility and 254 were enrolled, of which 126 (50%) were assigned to the intervention group and 128 (50%) were assigned to the control group. After adjustment for previous falls and geographical region, there was an estimated 31% reduction in the rate of fall injuries at home per year exposed to the intervention compared with households in the control group (adjusted relative rate 0·69 [95% CI 0·47-1·00]). INTERPRETATION: Low-cost home modifications and repairs can be an effective means to reduce injury disparities. The high prevalence of modifiable safety issues in Maori homes merits considerable policy and community effort. FUNDING: Health Research Council of New Zealand.

Epidemiological analysis of burn injuries in children during the first COVID-19 lockdown, and a comparison with the previous five years.

BACKGROUND: Child burns rank among the most frequent domestic accidents in France. COVID-19 lockdown between March 16th and May 11th of 2020 increased time spent at home by children. MATERIAL: This retrospective, observational study described the epidemiological impact of COVID-19 lockdown on child burns in a pediatric surgery department compared with previous five years. Child burns in the previous five years constituted the "before COVID-19 group" as the reference group. Child burns during the first lockdown formed the "COVID-19 group". Demographics characteristics, the delay before first attendance at the surgery department, burns characteristics, the place of the incident, need of skin graft, and child reactions to trauma or isolation were recorded for these two groups. RESULTS: A total of thirty-seven children were included, 16 of them in the COVID-19 group. In the COVID-19 group, burned children were mainly boys, with a median age of 18 months. The median time before first attendance was four days. Main burns characteristics were to be deep partial thickness burns, involved lower limbs, caused by scalding. All burns occurred at home. Half parents reported child reactions to trauma or isolation among their children before burn injury. CONCLUSION: The incidence of child burn injuries in the COVID-19 group was higher compared to the before COVID-19 group, but no increased delay to attendance recorded. Time spent at home and psychosocial impact of lockdown might partially explain this high incidence rate of child burns. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV.

The hidden dangers of staying home: a London trauma unit experience of lockdown during the COVID-19 virus pandemic.

INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in reconfiguration of the NHS. Elective services were stopped and trauma services focused on decreasing patient-clinician interactions and managing injuries nonoperatively wherever possible. The everyday life of the general public changed dramatically with the introduction of a national lockdown to prevent the spread of COVID-19. This paper looks at the experience of a South West London trauma unit. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All patients reviewed in fracture clinic and by the orthopaedic on-call team between 23 March to 23 April 2020 were included. Data on the mechanism of injury and whether this was a usual activity, the injury sustained and its management were collected. RESULTS: A total of 167 trauma injuries were seen, compared with 735 new patients with injuries in the previous month. The number of trauma operations completed decreased by 38%; 55% of injuries occurred inside the home and 44% outside the home during daily exercise. Some 31% of injuries were secondary to a new activity taken up during lockdown. Three open fractures and two polytrauma cases were seen that would have normally been managed at the local major trauma centre. CONCLUSION: Overall, both the number of injuries seen and trauma operations completed during the enforced lockdown decreased. This is probably due to a change in the way the general public are living their lives, and the reconfigurations within the NHS in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This is an interesting time within trauma and orthopaedic departments, as they continue to adapt to the changing injuries and working environment.

Cohort profile: MAVIE a web-based prospective cohort study of home, leisure, and sports injuries in France.

MAVIE is a web-based prospective cohort study of Home, Leisure, and Sports Injuries with a longitudinal follow-up of French general population volunteers. MAVIE participants are voluntary members of French households, including overseas territories. Participation in the cohort involves answering individual and household questionnaires and relevant exposures and prospectively reporting injury events during the follow-up. Recruitment and data collection have been in progress since 2014. The number of participants as of the end of the year 2019 was 12,419 from 9,483 households. A total of 8,640 participants provided data during follow-up. Respondents to follow-up were composed of 763 children aged 0-14, 655 teenagers and young adults aged 15-29, 6,845 adults, and 377 people aged 75 or more. At the end of the year 2019, 1,698 participants had reported 2,483 injury events. Children, people aged 50 and more, people with poor self-perceived physical and mental health, people who engage in sports activities, and people with a history of injury during the year before recruitment were more likely to report new injuries. An interactive mobile/web application (MAVIE-Lab) was developed to help volunteers decide on personalized measures to prevent their risks of HLIs. The available data provides an opportunity to analyse multiple exposures at both the individual and household levels that may be associated with an increased risk of trauma. The ongoing analysis includes HLI incidence estimates, the determination of health-related risk factors, a specific study on the risk of home injury, another on sports injuries, and an analysis of the role of cognitive skills and mind wandering. Volunteers form a community that constitutes a population laboratory for preventative initiatives.

Influence of agents and mechanisms of injury on anatomical burn locations in children <5 years old with a scald.

OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate how the mechanism and agent of injury can influence the anatomical location of a scald. DESIGN: Prospective multicentre cross-sectional study. SETTING: 20 hospital sites across England and Wales including emergency departments, minor injury units and regional burns units. PATIENTS: Children aged 5 years and younger who attended hospital with a scald. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcome: a descriptive analysis of the mechanism, agent and anatomical location of accidental scalds. Secondary outcome: a comparison of these factors between children with and without child protection (CP) referral. RESULTS: Of 1041 cases of accidental scalds, the most common narrative leading to this injury was a cup or mug of hot beverage being pulled down and scalding the head or trunk (132/1041; 32.9% of cases). Accidental scalds in baths/showers were rare (1.4% of cases). Accidental immersion injuries were mainly distributed on hands and feet (76.7%). There were differences in the presentation between children with accidental scalds and the 103 who were referred for CP assessment; children with scalds caused by hot water in baths/showers were more likely to get referred for CP assessment (p<0.0001), as were those with symmetrically distributed (p<0.0001) and unwitnessed (p=0.007) scalds. CONCLUSIONS: An understanding of the distributions of scalds and its relationship to different mechanisms of injury and causative agents will help clinicians assess scalds in young children, particularly those new to the emergency department who may be unfamiliar with expected scald patterns or with the importance of using appropriate terminology when describing scalds.

Hand injuries during COVID-19: Lessons from lockdown.

The two-month nationwide lockdown implemented in Australia in response to COVID-19 involved restrictions on social gatherings and non-essential services, resulting in marked changes to the distribution of time spent at home and in the workplace. Given the likelihood of future lockdowns, this study aimed to investigate whether the lockdown was associated with an alteration in the pattern of acute hand injuries admitted to Sydney Hospital Hand Unit relative to the same period in 2019, and whether target areas for preventative strategies could be identified. During the lockdown period in 2020, 332 acute presentations were noted, and in the same period in 2019, 310 cases were noted. The mean patient age was higher in 2020, largely due to a 327% increase in do-it-yourself (DIY) injuries. Workplace injuries increased in 2020 despite a 9.5% reduction in hours-worked, reflecting a redistribution of workers into manual labour jobs with a higher risk for hand injuries. Patients who suffered low-energy injuries at work were also significantly younger in 2020, suggesting this effect was most pronounced in younger age-groups, probably due to the shutdown of hospitality-based industries. Domestic violence-related injuries increased in 2020, highlighting the need to maintain resources to provide support in such cases at subspecialty hand units, which are often largely outpatient-centred. This study, therefore, identified a number of key areas that could be targeted in the event of future lockdowns, including messages regarding safe DIY activities, and more stringent requirements regarding worksite briefing and safety for people commencing labour-based jobs, especially if transferring from another industry.

Incidence of childhood burn injuries and modifiable household risk factors in rural Ghana: A cluster-randomized, population-based, household survey.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to determine the incidence of childhood burn injuries in rural Ghana and describe modifiable household risk factors to inform prevention initiatives. METHODS: We performed a cluster-randomized, population-based survey of caregivers of children in a rural district in Ghana, representing 2713 households and 14,032 children. Caregivers were interviewed regarding childhood burn injuries within the past 6 months and household risk factors. RESULTS: 357 households were sampled. Most used an open fire with biomass fuel for cooking (85.8%). Households rarely cooked in a separate kitchen (10%). Stove height was commonly within reach of children under five years (<1 m; 96.0%). The weighted annualized incidence of CBI was 63 per 1000 child-years (6.4% of children per year); reported mean age was 4.4 years (SD 4.0). The most common etiology was flame burn. Older age (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.8-1.0) and households with an older sibling ≥12 years (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.3-1.3) seemed to be associated with lower odds of CBI. CONCLUSIONS: Childhood burn injury is common in rural Ghana. Opportunities exist to reduce the risk of childhood burn injury childhood burns in rural settings by supporting the transition to safer cooking arrangements, child barrier apparatuses in homes without older children, and/or development of formal childcare programs.

Instant Cup of Soup: Can Kids Safely Prepare and Carry?

Scalds are a common cause of burn injury in children. Instant soup and noodle products have been identified as a common cause of pediatric burn injuries, with both the preparation process and product packaging implicated as predisposing factors. A cohort of children was observed simulating the preparation of a cup of noodle soup to identify steps in the process in which injury was mostly likely to occur. Nineteen percent of participants spilled the simulated soup onto themselves, representing potential burn injuries had the liquid been hot. The upper extremity was the most commonly affected body area and spillage occurred most commonly while the participant was transporting the cup of simulated soup. Targeted caregiver education about the potential dangers to children from instant soup and noodle products and investigation into safer packaging are needed to decrease the risk of these injuries in children.

Caracterización epidemiológica de los accidentes en el hogar: atención médica inmediata. Servicio desconcentrado Hospital Pediátrico Dr Agustín Zubillaga / Epidemiological characterization of accidents at home: immediate medical attention. Deconcentrated service Dr Agustín Zubillaga Pediatric Hospital

Se realizó una investigación de tipo no experimental, transversal y descriptiva para establecer las características epidemiológicas de los accidentes en el hogar de 112 pacientes entre 2 a 13 años de edad que ingresaron a la Atención Médica Inmediata (AMI) del Servicio Desconcentrado Hospital Pediátrico Dr. Agustín Zubillaga entre diciembre 2018 y enero 2019. La mayoría de los pacientes son preescolares (46%), del sexo masculino (71%) y de procedencia urbana (59,8%). En cuanto a las madres, predominaron aquellas mayores de 30 años (39,2%), con grado de instrucción secundaria (44,6%) y amas de casa (69,6%). La mayoría de los padres son mayores de 30 años (54,5%), tienen educación primaria (37,5%) y trabajan fuera del hogar (90,1%). Con respecto a los cuidadores, predominaron los mayores de 30 años (67%) y en su mayoría son familiares del niño (93%). El día de mayor frecuencia de los accidentes en el hogar fueron los viernes (18,8%), en el horario de 1 a 6:59 pm (46%) y el lugar más frecuente fue en el patio (36,6%). El tipo de accidente predominante fueron las caídas (34,9%), seguida de las quemaduras (25%) e intoxicaciones (21,4%). Este estudio permitió conocer las características epidemiológicas de los accidentes en el hogar y aporta datos para la toma de decisiones y la elaboración de protocolos de prevención(AU)

A non-experimental, transversal, descriptive study was conducted to establish the epidemiological characteristics of accidents in the home of 112 patients between 2 and 13 years of age who attended the Atención Médica Inmediata (AMI) of the Servicio Desconcentrado Hospital Pediátrico Dr. Agustín Zubillaga between December 2018 and January 2019. Most patients are preschoolers (46%), male sex (71%) and from urban areas (59.8%). In most cases, mothers were older than 30 years (39.2%), with secondary education (44.6%) and homemakers (69.6%). The majority of fathers were older than 30 years (54.5%), with primary education (37.5%) and worked outside the home (90.1%). Most caregivers were older than 30 years (67%) and relatives of the child (93%). Accidents occurred predominantly on Friday (18.8%), from 1 to 6:59 pm (46%) and in the yard (36.6%). Most frequent type of accident were falls (34.9%), followed by burns (25%) and poisoning (21.4%). This study allowed us to know the epidemiological characteristics of accidents in the home and provides data for decision-making and the development of prevention protocols(AU)

Las asfixias accidentales en México: un problema de salud pública oculto / Unintentional asphyxia in Mexico: a hidden public health problem

OBJETIVO: Caracterizar la epidemiología de las asfixias accidentales en México en el periodo 1999-2017. MÉTODO: Análisis secundario de bases de mortalidad, tres encuestas nacionales de salud e información del programa de inspecciones de seguridad de la Secretaría de Salud, para caracterizar las lesiones fatales y no fatales asociadas a ahogamientos (CIE-10: W65-W74) y otras asfixias (CIE-10: W75-W84), y determinar el grado de exposición a distintos riesgos en el interior de viviendas y guarderías. RESULTADOS: Se registraron 100.834 defunciones, el 44,66% por ahogamientos, y el 77,18% eran de varones. Los ahogamientos afectan a población infantil y adolescente, ocurren con más frecuencia en abril, julio y agosto, los domingos, y en horario vespertino; las otras asfixias afectan a población infantil y adulta mayor, ocurren con más frecuencia de diciembre a febrero, en domingo, de las 4 a las 6 h. Según la ENSANut-2012, 53.065 personas sufren una asfixia no fatal al año, el 26,21% con consecuencias permanentes en su salud. Se observaron riesgos importantes de asfixia en el 38% de las guarderías y el 80% de los hogares analizados. CONCLUSIONES: Las asfixias accidentales son un problema prioritario de salud pública que debe ser atendido urgentemente para cumplir con el objetivo de desarrollo sostenible 3.2. La evidencia presentada en este trabajo es un insumo que permite informar y orientar los esfuerzos al respecto

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the epidemiology of unintentional asphyxias in Mexico from 1999 to 2017. METHOD: Secondary analysis of vital registries, three national health surveys and information from the safety inspection program of the Ministry of Health in Mexico were used to characterize fatal and non-fatal drownings (ICD-10: W65-W74) and other asphyxias including suffocation, chocking and strangulation (ICD-10: W75-W84), and to estimate the level of exposure to different risk factors within households and daycares. RESULTS: 100,834 deaths were registered, 44.66% were drowning and 77.17% male. Drownings mainly affect children and adolescents, occur in April, July and August, on Sundays, during the afternoon. Other asphyxias affect children and the elderly more frequently, occur mainly from December to February, on Sundays and from 4 to 6 h. According to ENSANut-2012, 53,065 individuals experience a non-fatal asphyxia per year, 26.21% of them with permanent consequences in their health and wellbeing. Important risks of unintentional asphyxias are present in 38% of daycares and 80% of households analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: Unintentional asphyxias are a major public health problem that needs to be urgently attended to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals, in particular the 3.2. Evidence presented in this work constitutes an input to inform and orient efforts directed to tackle this problem

A systematic review of epidemiological patterns and proposed interventions to address pediatric burns in Nigeria.

BACKGROUND: Unintentional injuries from burns comprise a significant proportion of public health morbidity in Nigeria. In order to understand the type and impact of burns on youth in Low-and-Middle-Income countries, the epidemiology of burns must be adequately assessed. METHODS: This review describes the epidemiological patterns of burn occurrences in the pediatric populations and proposes interventions using the Haddon Matrix to address injuries in specific populations in Nigeria. A literature search was conducted using the Proquest, CINAHL, and PubMed databases at the Johns Hopkins University library (January 1, 1990 to August 14, 2018), on burns or thermal injury among pediatric populations in Nigeria. The review focused on the forms of injury, risk factors and potential interventions. RESULTS: Ten studies were identified and the main risk factors for burns were socioeconomic status, overcrowding, and involving young girls in traditional cooking roles. The main types of injuries include scald injuries (50%) and fire burns (45%) affecting mainly children aged 14 and below with significant regional epidemiological variations. We created a novel intervention to develop countermeasures and reduce the number of pediatric burns based on biological, physical and sociocultural environment.. CONCLUSION: Interventions such as improved supervision of children, improved emergency infrastructure and culturally sensitive first aid education and treatment can help ensure a reduction in morbidity and mortality resulting from burns. Epidemiological studies can provide an accurate depiction of the burden of burn injuries in different regions of Nigeria.

Informe especial: Análisis comparativo de las denuncias de accidentes por mordeduras de animales de compañía en el contexto del ASPO por Covid-19 / Special report: Comparative analysis of reports of accidents caused by bites of pet animals in the context of ASPO by Covid-19

El aislamiento social, preventivo y obligatorio (ASPO) es una medida excepcional que el Gobierno Nacional adopta en un contexto crítico. Con el fin de proteger la salud pública frente a la propagación de la Covid-19, se dispuso que todas las personas que habitan, o se encuentren temporalmente, en las jurisdicciones donde rige esta normativa deberán permanecer en sus domicilios habituales, sólo pudiendo realizar desplazamientos mínimos e indispensables para aprovisionarse de artículos de limpieza, medicamentos y alimentos (Decreto Nacional 297/2020). En la Ciudad de Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA) rige desde el 20 de marzo el ASPO, y se ha ido flexibilizando a lo largo del tiempo. En este contexto se modificaron conductas, actividades e incluso asistencia a los centros de salud para consultas no relacionadas con Covid-19. En este informe pretendemos dar cuenta de la situación en relación a la denuncia de accidentes por mordeduras de animales de compañía. (AU)

Glass table injuries: A silent public health problem.

BACKGROUND: Glass tables can break and cause traumatic injury. This public health issue is avoidable by adequate regulatory measures. We describe the burden and characteristics of these injuries using the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) database and data from a level 1 trauma center. METHODS: NEISS data was extracted from 2009 to 2015. Injuries were classified by type, severity, and involvement of faulty glass using predetermined criteria. A retrospective chart review of a level 1 trauma center data was performed. Epidemiologic and outcomes data are reported. RESULTS: 3241 cases were reviewed from NEISS. 56% of injuries were attributable to faulty tables. 15% were severe. A bimodal age distribution of age under 7 and early 20s was observed. Commonly injured areas were the upper extremity and forehead. 24 trauma center cases were reviewed. 21% presented with hemodynamic instability, 34% had major organ, body cavity or joint space injuries, and 58% required surgical intervention. 30-day mortality rate was 8%. More than 54% required inpatient care. CONCLUSION: Glass table injuries are common, estimated at over 2.5 million per year. Regulation of glass quality may prevent injury. SUMMARY: Glass table injuries are more common than may be recognized and represent a public health problem that can be mitigated through proper regulatory measures.

Dog leash-related injuries treated at emergency departments.

BACKGROUND: Although dog ownership may provide health benefits, interactions with dogs and their leashes can result in injuries. The intent of this study was to describe dog leash-related injuries treated at United States (US) emergency departments (EDs). METHODS: Cases were dog leash-related injuries during 2001-2018 reported to the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS), from which national estimates of dog leash-related injuries treated at US EDs were calculated. The distribution of the cases and estimated number of dog leash-related injuries was determined for selected variables, such as the circumstances of the injury, patient demographics, and diagnosis. RESULTS: A dog leash was involved in 8189 injuries, resulting in a national estimate of 356,746 injuries and an estimated rate of 63.4 injuries per 1,000,000 population. Of these injuries, 193,483 resulted from a pull, 136,767 from a trip/tangle, and 26,496 from other or unknown circumstances. The total injury rate per 1,000,000 population increased from 25.4 in 2001 to 105.5 in 2018. Adults accounted for 314,712 (88.2%) of the patients; 260,328 (73.0%) of the patients were female. The injury occurred at home in 133,549 (37.4%) cases. The most common injuries were 95,677 (26.8%) fracture, 92,644 (26.0%) strain or sprain, and 62,980 (17.7%) contusions or abrasions. CONCLUSION: The most common type of dog leash-related injuries resulted from a pull followed by a trip/tangle. The number of dog leash-related injuries increased during the time period. The majority of the persons sustaining such injuries were adults and female. Over one-third of the injuries occurred at home.

A state-wide analysis of pediatric scald burns by tap water, 2016-2018.

INTRODUCTION: Unsafe tap water temperatures (>120 °F) are a risk factor for pediatric burns, which may disproportionally impact low-income, urban communities. We sought to estimate the incidence and demographic characteristics of tap water burns and their association with housing characteristics. METHODS: We performed a secondary data analysis to summarize emergency department discharge records from 2016 to 2018 involving children <18 years with an ICD-10-CM code for tap water burn (X11), and town-level housing data from the American Community Survey. Unpaired student's t-test and spearman's correlation analysis were performed for comparative analyses. RESULTS: A total of 146 tap water burn visits were identified, representing an incidence of 2 per 10,000 ED visits. The majority of cases were male, non-Hispanic White, of public insurance type, and from an urban CT town. The median age was 3 years, with 58% of cases <5 years. Towns with at least one tap water burn had a significantly higher average percentage of multi-family unit and renter housing as compared to towns with no tap water burns (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Our results identified a significant number of tap water burns in children. Primary prevention efforts targeting education or regulation of water temperatures may work to reduce burns in underserved areas.